Procedure
Ultrasound Examination: The NT scan is performed via a non-invasive ultrasound to measure the nuchal translucency—a fluid-filled space at the back of the fetus’s neck.
Timing: This scan is typically conducted between 11 and 14 weeks of pregnancy, during the first trimester.
Preparation: No special preparation is usually needed, though drinking water beforehand may help improve visibility during the scan.
Uses
- Down Syndrome Screening: Measures the thickness of the nuchal translucency to assess the risk of Down syndrome (trisomy 21).
- Other Chromosomal Abnormalities: Can help identify other chromosomal disorders, including trisomy 18 and trisomy 13.
- Structural Anomalies: Assesses potential physical abnormalities, such as heart defects.

Advantages
- Early Detection: Allows for early assessment of potential risks, providing valuable information for expectant parents.
- Non-Invasive: The procedure poses no risk to the mother or fetus.
- Guidance for Further Testing: Results can help determine the need for additional diagnostic testing, such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS).
Risks and Considerations
- False Positives/Negatives: The NT scan is a screening tool, meaning it may yield false positive or false negative results. Further testing is recommended for a definitive diagnosis.
- Anxiety and Uncertainty: Abnormal results can cause stress and anxiety, necessitating discussions about follow-up options and next steps.
Aftercare and Follow-Up
- Results: Preliminary results are usually available immediately after the scan, while detailed analysis may take a few days.
- Counseling: Genetic counseling may be offered to discuss results, implications, and potential next steps based on findings.
Alternatives
- Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT): A blood test that analyzes fetal DNA and can be performed as early as 10 weeks of pregnancy, providing a more comprehensive risk assessment for chromosomal abnormalities.
- First Trimester Combined Screening: Involves a blood test combined with the NT scan to enhance risk assessment for Down syndrome and other conditions.
Summary
The NT scan is an essential tool in early pregnancy screening, offering valuable insights into the risk of chromosomal abnormalities and structural issues in the fetus. While it is non-invasive and poses no risks, it is important to understand that it is a screening tool and not a diagnostic one. Expectant parents should discuss the results and any concerns with their healthcare provider to make informed decisions about further testing and management.

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