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Double Marker Test in Pregnancy: Procedure, Benefits and Results

Double Marker Test in Pregnancy

The double marker test, also known as the double screening test, is an essential prenatal screening tool used to assess the risk of certain chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) and Trisomy 18, in a developing fetus. Here’s a detailed look at the test, what it involves, and why it is important.

What is the Double Marker or Dual Marker Test in Pregnancy?

It is a blood test that is used to check for chromosomal abnormalities in the first trimester of pregnancy. It basically calculates the levels of the following two substances in the blood:

  • PAPP-A (Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A)
  • hCG (Human chorionic gonadotropin)

These levels are used to assess the likelihood of the fetus having conditions like Down syndrome and Trisomy 18.

When is the Test Performed?

  • Timing: Typically, the test is often administered between the 9th and 13th of pregnancy.
  • Who Should Take It: It is typically recommended for all pregnant women, especially those at higher risk due to factors like advanced maternal age, family history, or other medical conditions.

Substances Measured in the Double Marker Test

  1. PAPP-A (Pregnancy-associated Plasma Protein-A)
    • A placenta-produced protein.
    • Low levels may indicate an increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities, preterm birth, or growth restrictions.
  2. hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
    • A hormone that the placenta secretes soon after fertilization.
    • Elevated levels may indicate a higher risk of Down syndrome, while low levels may suggest Trisomy 18 or other pregnancy complications.

How the Test Works

  • The test measures the concentration of PAPP-A and hCG in the mother’s blood.
  • The levels of these substances are then compared with established norms for a particular stage of pregnancy.
  • Results are expressed as a ratio indicating the likelihood that the baby has a chromosomal abnormality.

Understanding the Results

  • Positive Results: If the test shows an increased risk, it does not confirm a chromosomal abnormality but suggests further testing may be necessary.
  • Negative Results: A lower-risk result is reassuring, but it is important to remember that no test is 100% accurate.
  • Further Testing: Women with higher-risk results may be offered additional diagnostic procedures like amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) to confirm or rule out specific conditions.

Limitations of the Double Marker Test

  • Screening, Not Diagnostic: The double marker test only screens for potential risks and does not provide a definitive diagnosis.
  • Other Factors to Consider: Results are influenced by other factors like maternal age, ethnicity, and medical history, which should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

How much does the Double Marker Test cost in India?

Healthcare facilities, locations, and laboratory types can all affect the cost of the double marker test cost in India. On average, the test typically ranges from ₹1,500 to ₹4,000. In private hospitals or specialized diagnostic centers, the price may be higher due to the use of advanced equipment and technologies. It’s important for expectant mothers to check with their healthcare providers or diagnostic centers for specific pricing, as some facilities may offer package deals that include additional prenatal screenings or consultations. Health insurance coverage may also help reduce the financial burden, so it’s advisable to inquire with your insurer about any applicable benefits.

Why is the Double Marker Test Important?

  • Non-invasive: It’s one of the safest ways to screen for potential genetic conditions.
  • Early Information: It provides early insight into the health of the fetus, helping parents make informed decisions about further testing or preparation.
  • Peace of Mind: For many women, the test offers reassurance if results show low risk. For others, it opens the door to further testing and early interventions if needed.

Conclusion

The double marker test is a crucial tool in prenatal care. While it cannot diagnose conditions like Down syndrome or Trisomy 18, it helps identify pregnancies that may require further investigation. It’s important for expecting parents to understand that the test is just a screening measure and discuss the results and options with their healthcare provider for the best possible care and decision-making during pregnancy.

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